by Murad Farzulla
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Suggested foundations for probability and statistical reasoning and text and language models in finance. Specialist prerequisites vary by paper.
Read the distributions and expectations used in probabilistic arguments.
Interpret expectations after information is observed.
Understand how text is converted into numerical inputs.
Check whether labels measure the financial construct of interest.
Assess uncertainty rather than treating an estimate as a fact.
Test whether a text-derived signal survives an honest financial evaluation.
Measure agreement when constructing or checking labels.
Move from conditioning and expected values to timed problems with a defensible solution.