by Two Sigma
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Suggested foundations for risk measurement and stress and financial time series. Specialist prerequisites vary by paper.
Represent losses as a distribution rather than one forecast.
Distinguish a loss quantile from the average loss in the tail.
Check whether a relationship can be estimated consistently over time.
Read the fitted relationship and its residuals.
Compare risk estimators and their assumptions.
Check forecasts against realised losses.
Study long-run relationships without confusing them with correlation.
Connect diversification, common risk factors, investor views, and the properties of a risk measure.
Choose a reproducible strategy, specify the trading rule, and test what remains after costs and estimation uncertainty.